关键词: 竞争, 策略, 异质性, 合作, 公共品博弈

Abstract: Competition is a key mark of the society，serving to enhance efficiency and allocate resources The tournament，which allocates rewards based on relative ranking，is a typical form of it However，in recent years，the positive effects of competition have often been underestimated，while the negative sides have been overly magnified：under overly singular criteria，participants invest resources potentially leading to resource waste without substantive development；competition may estrange or even conflict Thus，the strategic choices of individuals in a competitive environment are of practical significance
Many literature use simulations to combine games and tournaments to find winning strategies and examine their properties，while corresponding empirical research is relatively scarce Meanwhile，the experimental methods have been applied in other branches of cooperative problems，exploring the prosocial behavior and decisionmaking mechanisms of individuals However，these literatures rarely adopt a strategic perspective and consider the interactive relationships among players
Meanwhile，competitors possess heterogeneity in reality，which affects competitors This paper examines the impact of heterogeneity on individual behavior by altering the earning capacity of individuals in the PGG （Public Goods Game） On the other hand，heterogeneity is also reflected in individual traits This paper identifies the individual traits，enriching the levels of research 
This article uses experimental economics methods to interpret the behavioral dynamics of individuals in PGG tournaments from a strategic perspective The main findings are as follows The competition mechanism has no significant impact on the average level of cooperation and the cumulative payoff The effect of game history is asymmetric Decisions of winners are obviously strategic，only a few of them are noncollaborators，leading to highlevel cooperation within the group and greater benefits from it
The main contribution of this study is：firstly，based on the direct reactions of individuals in experiments，this paper constructs strategies，providing empirical evidence in evolutionary game theory Analyzing cooperation dynamics from a strategic perspective fully considers the interactivity of game participants，which helps to enrich the understanding of individual behaviors and improve the pertinence of incentive design；Secondly，in this article，rather than cooperate or defect，individuals have more game choices and are closer to complex competitive activities in reality；Thirdly，it provides a basis for more effective organization and participation in competition This article reveals that if there is a cooperative scenario，competition can also screen individuals with nonfree riding traits and cooperative strategies

Key words: competition, strategy, heterogeneous subjects, cooperation, public goods games