关键词: “撤县设区”, 公共资源配置, 公交车站点, 时空大数据

Abstract: What does the “County-to-District” reform in China bring to counties? Does it promote shared development with big cities or lead to public resources being absorbed? In this paper，we take the spatial layout of bus stations in mainland China as an example，and empirically test the impact of the reforms of “CountytoDistrict” on the spatial allocation pattern of public resources and its impact mechanism by constructing a DID model
The results show that:（1） The reform significantly reduce the construction probability of county-level bus stations，that is，the reform plays a more “resource-grabbing” role for the county; （2） In terms of the dynamic effect of the impact，the effect has shown an increasing trend in the period; （3）The analysis of impact mechanism shows that such negative impact is not a behavioral decision of “optimal allocation on demand” due to the reduction of public service demand，but more a role of “grabbing hand” of public resources On the one hand，the reform have adjusted the spatial redistribution pattern of public resources At the provincial level，the cities affected by the policy suffered from the reform while other cities benefited from it，showing an overall redistribution pattern within the province Within the prefecturelevel city，the counties that have been changed into districts are the biggest losers in the allocation of public resources，while the other parts of the city are less affected On the other hand，the reason for the grab depends on the outcome of the game between different levels of government based on the willingness to reform and economic power
This paper is the first to evaluate the real effect of China's reform of “CountytoDistrict” from the perspective of the microdistribution of public resources At the same time，it is helpful for Chinas model selection to improve the quality of new urbanization Compared with the existing studies，the possible marginal contributions of this paper are as follows:（1） It evaluates the real effect of Chinas reform of establishing districts by eliminating counties from the perspective of microlayout of public transport resources for the first time，and it also has reference significance for Chinas model selection to improve the quality of new urbanization （2）The spatial layout characteristics of public transport services and facilities are measured based on the poi data of bus stations，and the public policy configuration is more scientifically quantified from the result end，which also provides a new way of thinking for subsequent relevant research （3） It has enriched and supplemented relevant research literature on newtype urbanization，administrative division adjustment and reform，and equalization of public services，and added new microevidence
In terms of policy implications，this study is not only an effective assessment and analysis of China's administrationdriven urbanization model，but also the first real effect assessment of Chinas reform of establishing districts by the abolishment of counties from the perspective of microresource spatial allocation，which has reference significance for Chinas urbanization reform and the practice of public service equalization reform It should be pointed out that this paper analyzes the spatial reallocation effect of public transportation resources brought about by the reform of establishing districts from the perspective of national bus station layout，which is actually only a specific research and observation perspective In fact，the connotation of public transport resource allocation is very extensive，and further from other perspectives to more comprehensively and comprehensively evaluate the effect of public resource spatial redistribution of the reform policy is a future research direction that can continue to promote

Key words: “County-to-district” reform, public resource allocation, bus stops, spatio-temporal big data