关键词: 工业发展 , 重工业 , 后发优势 , 社会能力

Abstract: This paper discusses the development of Chinas industry since 1949 in two periods: the planned economy period and the reform and opening up period. The reason for dividing it into two periods is that the development strategies, concepts, paths and achievements of these two periods are different. The former, dominated by stateowned enterprises and the advanced development of heavy industry, is inclined to introversive development strategy and extensive development concept. Although it has made considerable achievements, especially in establishment of a relatively complete industrial system which has laid a good foundation for further development, there are also some disadvantages, such as inefficiency, waste of resources, overstaffing and so on. Especially, the people's living standards have not been improved for a long time due to the neglect of light industry. After the reform and opening up, through the development of diversified ownership enterprises and the introduction of foreign capital, attaching importance to the role of market regulation, implementing an exportoriented development strategy, promoting the balanced development of light and heavy industries and participating in the international market competition, rapid economic development has been achieved, which has made China leap from a country with a very low per capita GDP ranking to the top which have great potential for further development. This paper also tries to summarize the experience of China's industrial development, hoping to be a reference for other countries.

Key words:  industrial development , heavy industry , latedevelopment advantage , social ability