Based on the index of multidimensional poverty and out of poverty, a shaking off multidimensional poverty recognition method and index is built, and further

multidimensional poverty decompose in the direction of sinking back to poverty and shaking off poverty is raised. At the same time, China rural population multidimensional poverty, sinking back to poverty and shaking off poverty are measured and decomposed by using Chinese family panel studies. We get the following conclusions. Firstly, the income of the rural population is still the main dimension of multidimensional poverty, but attentions should be paid to prevent health dimensions sinking back to poverty. Secondly, the multidimensional poverty situation of the rural population is improved, but due to the influence of sinking back to poverty, shaking off poverty effect has been greatly weakened, so the risk of sinking back to poverty should not be ignored. Thirdly, the worsening situation of the continued poverty population in 2012 suggests that measures should be taken to alleviate the poverty situation for those temporarily unable to shake off poverty.