Abstract:  How to prevent the return to poverty after “targeted poverty alleviation”? The sustainable poverty reduction effect of infrastructure is of concern. Based on the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS) microdatabase, this article uses instrumental variable to empirically estimate the impact of improved transportation infrastructure on poverty reduction in rural households. The study finds that the availability of roads significantly reduces the Engel Index of rural households, and the Engel Index of lowincome households declines more significantly. This shows that the poverty reduction effect of improved transportation infrastructure is significant. The results of the mechanism analysis show that after the roads connecting, the direct government subsidies received by rural households have increased significantly, the proportion of households engaged in agricultural production has decreased significantly, and the nonfarm payrolls of rural households have increased significantly. This suggests that the improvement of transportation infrastructure has played a role in reducing poverty through two channels: increased government subsidies and agricultural labor transfer.

Key words: infrastructure, rural area, poverty reduction

摘要： 如何防范“精准扶贫”后重新返贫，基础设施的可持续减贫效应引人关注。本文基于中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）微观数据库，利用工具变量估计的方法，实证检验“通公路”这一交通基础设施改善对农村居民家庭减贫的影响。研究发现：“通公路”显著降低了农村家庭的恩格尔指数，并且低收入家庭的恩格尔指数下降得更加明显。这表明，交通基础设施改善的减贫效应显著。机制分析的结果显示：通公路以后，农村家庭所获得的政府直接补贴显著增加，从事农业生产的家庭比重显著降低,农村家庭的非农就业人口数显著增加。交通基础设施改善通过提高政府补贴和农业劳动力转移两个渠道发挥减贫效应。

关键词: 基础设施, 农村, 减贫