Abstract: Based on the 2013 and 2015 microdata of China's Household Finance Survey and bank branches distribution data disclosed by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of regional financial development on farmers' entrepreneurial behavior, as well as the heterogeneous effect of different types of financial institutions and regional financial markets. Results show that (1) the increase of bank branches will significantly reduce farmers' financial constraint and their probability of taking private lending, promote their entrepreneurship; (2) the credit behaviors of different financial institutions are significantly different, and new rural financial institutions can effectively improve the internal governance of rural credit cooperatives and increase the effect of supporting farmers; (3) regional banking concentration can negatively influence the role of benefiting policies of large stateowned banks and new rural financial institutions. This paper argues that promoting farmers' entrepreneurship cannot only rely on the benefiting policy or the reform of rural credit cooperatives. It is necessary to stimulate financial institutions to improve agricultural support services on the basis of building a competitive financial market.

Key words: rural finance, banking structure, credit constraint, private lending, farmers' entrepreneurship 

摘要： 本文利用2013年和2015年中国家庭金融调查微观数据，结合中国银保监会披露的金融许可证注册信息的网点分布情况，实证分析区域金融发展对农户增收创业的作用，以及不同类型金融机构和区域金融市场结构差异对以上作用的影响。研究发现：（1）区域内银行网点数量的增加会显著降低农业正规信贷约束和农户参与民间借贷的概率，推动农户创业；（2）不同金融机构的信贷行为存在显著差异，农商行等新型农村金融机构可以有效克服农信社的内部治理缺陷，改善支农服务；（3）区域银行集中程度越高，农商行等新型农村金融机构和大型国有银行的支农效果越弱，两者在高集中度地区难以发挥积极作用。由此可见，仅仅依靠惠农政策或农信社改制来推动农民增收创业缺乏效力，应在建设竞争有序的区域金融市场的基础上鼓励金融机构改善支农服务。

关键词: 农村金融, 银行市场结构, 信贷约束, 民间借贷, 农民创业