Abstract: The subprovincial fiscal system is a synthesis and synergy of many interest relationships such as administrative subordination relationship，fiscal relationship and principalagent relationship among local governments It not only has the general characteristics of the taxsharing fiscal management system，but also follows some underlying logic，allocating fiscal resources in subprovince and maintaining the basic operation and general equilibrium of local finance By introducing the expression of the underlying logic，this paper aims to reveal some basic problems and deductive mechanisms in the subprovincial fiscal system，so as to excavate the real propositions and conduct academic reviews，in order to provide accurate and effective supply schemes for planning a new round of fiscal and taxation system reform
 The analysis shows that the subprovincial fiscal system follows some underlying logics and embodies various forms of existence and operation rules Firstly，the subprovincial fiscal system not only presents the general attribute of “onelevel government，onelevel finance”，but also includes various special forms such as various functional areas，county management of township finance，direct provincial supervision of county finance and separately planned cities Secondly，the basic elements of the fiscal system，such as power，matters，affairs，responsibility and fiscal power，fiscal resources，fiscal fund，fiscal responsibility，are specifically matched among local governments to maintain the basic operation of the subprovincial fiscal system Thirdly，under the mechanism of “decisionmaking at the higher level，implementation at the lower level，accountability at the higher level，responsibility at the lower level”，residual fiscal expenditure responsibility continues to move down to the lower level of government，forming vertical fiscal imbalances Fourthly，under the condition of tight balance，weak balance and difficult balance，priorities are the basic principle of local fiscal expenditure，forming the deductive logic of new expenditure orders and risks Fifthly，with the rise of the central region，the successful implementation of the western development strategy，the disappointing revitalization of the old industrial bases such as the northeast，and the NorthSouth divide in economic development，the regional finance shows a phenomenon of “central region” Sixthly，the subprovincial fiscal system is a complete institutional ecology In addition to realizing the “inner cycle” of reasonable adaptation of its own institutional elements，it should also simultaneously consider the related “outer cycle”
Based on the proposal and abstraction of the underlying logics of the subprovincial fiscal system，grasping the basic laws of local finance and adhering to the problemoriented，this paper puts forward some brief suggestions to deepen the toplevel design of the subprovincial fiscal system，including improving the subprovincial fiscal system，enhancing the mesocontrol ability of provincial finance，implementing the strategy of local fiscal revitalization，optimizing the fiscal transfer payment system，accelerating the standardization of basic public services，improving the construction of the local tax system，improving the ecological environment of the subprovincial fiscal system，and improving the legal level of subprovincial intergovernmental fiscal relationship

Key words: sub-provincial fiscal system, underlying logic, deductive mechanism

摘要： 省以下财政体制是行政隶属关系、地方政府间财政关系和委托代理关系等诸多利益关系的综合与协同，既有分税制财政管理体制的一般特征，又遵从某些底层逻辑，进行着省以下财政资源配置，维系着地方财政基本运行与一般均衡。通过引入底层逻辑这一表述，本文旨在揭示省以下财政体制中的一些基本问题、演绎机理等，借此进行真实命题挖掘与学术梳理，并为新一轮财税体制改革提供精准有效的省以下供给方案与政策建议。

关键词: 省以下财政体制, 底层逻辑, 演绎机理