Abstract: China's targeted poverty alleviation campaign launched in 2013 is the largest poverty alleviation battle in human history By the end of 2020，9899 million rural impoverished people have been lifted out of poverty，832 povertystricken counties have been completely removed from poverty，and 128 thousand povertystricken villages have been lifted out of poverty In addition to eliminating absolute poverty，another important function of poverty alleviation is to alleviate regional development imbalances through industrial support However，poverty alleviation policies may also induce accelerated population outflow，thereby exacerbating regional economic disparities There is lacking relevant research to examine the impact of targeted poverty alleviation on regional economic disparities，and to explore the role of population mobility
What to be tested in this paper are threefold Firstly，we use PSM-DID method to evaluate the impact of targeted poverty alleviation on regional economic disparities Secondly，employing DID method，the impact of targeted poverty alleviation on the mobility of permanent residents in povertystricken counties is identified Thirdly，the instrumental variable method is used to investigate the impact of population mobility on regional economic disparities
The estimated results show that the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation policies does help narrow the regional economic gap，but the effect is relatively limited One of the important reasons for this is that targeted poverty alleviation tends to accelerate the loss of permanent residents in povertystricken counties，while the loss of permanent residents has significantly widened the regional economic gap Further evidence shows that the population loss in povertystricken counties has a stronger stimulating effect on the regional economic gap than that in other regions For poor counties in urban agglomerations or southern regions，targeted poverty alleviation plays a more obvious role in reducing the economic gap between them and other regions For poor counties in urban agglomerations or northern areas，targeted poverty alleviation leads to the loss of more permanent residents
The main contributions of this article are twofold Firstly，the early evaluation of the impact of targeted poverty alleviation on regional economic disparities has reference value for understanding the regional development balance role of this policy Secondly，from the perspective of population mobility，exploring the factor allocation and economic impact induced by precision poverty alleviation can provide experience and theoretical basis for optimizing development strategies in impoverished areas
The main policy implications of this article are threefold Firstly，targeted poverty alleviation is the reconfiguration of social resources in regions and populations The role of this allocation is to ensure the stable improvement of human capital and to improve the regions ability to undertake industries，supply services，and other aspects Only by ensuring the development capabilities of both people and regions can the foundation of social development be firmly maintained Secondly，it must be clarified that povertystricken counties，especially rural areas，are not growth poles for economic development Thirdly，poverty alleviation in povertystricken counties and rural areas is an important measure to address Chinas economic hard landing But it is necessary to scientifically examine the economic development of povertystricken areas，strengthen rational choices in industry selection，and avoid promoting hightech industries that do not match the local development level

Key words: regional economic gap, targeted poverty alleviation, population mobility

摘要： 本文利用县域面板数据结合2000—2020年人口普查资料，系统考察了精准扶贫对地区经济差距的影响，以及人口流动在其中的角色扮演。结果显示，精准扶贫政策的实施确实有助于缩小地区经济差距，但效果相对有限。一个重要的原因在于，精准扶贫存在加速贫困县常住人口流失的倾向，而常住人口流失扩大了地区经济差距。进一步研究显示，贫困县人口流失对地区经济差距的激发作用明显强于其他地区；对于处在城市群或南方地区的贫困县，精准扶贫在降低其与其他地区经济差距中的作用更为明显；对于处在城市群或北方地区的贫困县，精准扶贫导致其流失更多常住人口。本文为认识精准扶贫的经济作用及其要素配置效应，优化后扶贫时代脱贫地区扶持策略提供了经验证据，但本文仅是对精准扶贫经济效应的短期评估，其经济潜力仍需长期观察。

关键词: 地区经济差距, 精准扶贫, 人口流动