Abstract: The paper，based on the new perspective of “one center and three basic points” of the new structural economics，constructs the framework of the new structural environmental economics，and proposes new insights in thirteen main research fields In terms of the new framework，this paper constructs a new theoretical framework of “endowment structureproduction structureenvironmental structuresuperstructure” and a new policy framework of “carbon peak carbon neutrality” strategy In terms of new insights，from the perspective of development，in different stages of economic development，the optimal production structure determined by the factor endowment structure is different，the corresponding optimal environmental structure is different，and the relationship between the optimal environmental structure and the optimal superstructure is also different From the perspective of transition，under the optimal production structure determined by the endogenous factor endowment structure，the distortion of environmental structure or superstructure caused by exogenous factors such as market （government） failure will further distort the relationship between the two Under the distorted production structure that violates the factor endowment structure，especially under the distorted production structure caused by the catchup strategy of heavy industry，the environmental structure and its relationship with the superstructure will be distorted，resulting in efficiency loss

Key words: new structural environmental economics, environmental Kuznets curve, carbon peak carbon neutral, autonomous knowledge system

摘要： 基于新结构经济学“一个中心三个基本点”的新视角，本文构建新结构环境经济学的新框架，并对主要的十三个领域提出新见解。就新框架而言，构建了“禀赋结构—生产结构—环境结构—上层建筑结构”的理论新框架和“双碳”战略的政策新框架。就新见解而言，从发展角度看，在不同的经济发展阶段，要素禀赋结构内生决定的最优生产结构不同，对应的最优环境结构不同，最优环境结构与最优上层建筑结构的关系也不同。从转型角度看，在要素禀赋结构内生决定的最优生产结构状态下，由于市场（政府）失灵等外生因素引致环境结构或上层建筑结构扭曲会进一步导致两者关系发生扭曲；在违背要素禀赋结构的扭曲生产结构下，特别是在重工业赶超战略导致的扭曲生产结构状态下，环境结构及其与上层建筑结构的关系均会发生扭曲，造成效率损失。

关键词: 新结构环境经济学, 环境库兹涅茨曲线, 碳达峰碳中和, 自主知识体系