Abstract: As a kind of clean energy, nuclear power has many comparative advantages, but its production has obviously safety risks. The economic feature of nuclear power determines the demand of the production safety regulation for the production process. From the perspective of regulation economics, this paper divides regulation measures into direct regulation measures based on administrative compulsory means and indirect regulation measures based on economic means. This paper finds that the accident probability is closely related to the nuclear power plant's safety investment and regulation inspection frequency. The nuclear power plant's safety investment is related to the the risk degree of potential safety hazard and the plant's losses of the potential safety hazards found by regulators. This paper also points out that the insufficiency of the plant's losses of the potential safety hazards found by regulators is the key reason for the inefficiency or negative effects of inspection. Correspondingly, this paper puts forward related policy suggestions to improve the effectiveness of the safety regulation of nuclear power.

Key words:  , nuclear power, externality, safety risk, safety regulation

摘要： 核电是一种清洁能源，在能源供给方面具有很大优势，但核电存在巨大的安全风险。核电的经济特性决定了核电安全管制需求。以管制经济学为研究视角，本文将核电安全性管制措施分为行政强制手段为主的直接安全性管制和以经济手段为主的间接安全性管制两大类。研究发现，核电企业投入和安全管制检查频次与事故发生概率密切相关。核电企业的安全投入会随着安全隐患风险程度的增加而增加，并且也会随着被发现安全隐患事件带来企业损失的增加而增加。核电企业因被管制检查发现的安全隐患所承受的损失太小是造成安全管制检查失效或产生负面效应的根源。据此，本文提出相应的政策建议，以提高核电安全性管制的有效性。

关键词: 核电产业, 外部性, 安全风险, 安全性管制