Abstract: This paper empirically estimates the cost of efficiency based on theoretical model, which embodies some characteristics and structure of efficiency cost. The total efficiency cost is decomposed into two subcategories. Using microdata on household income and electricity consumption of Hangzhou residents, and counterfactual scenarios, we have estimated the efficiency costs in family and societys perspectives, respectively. The result shows that the IBP does have distinctive income redistribution effects between family groups with different incomes, with lowincome family obtaining certain welfare benefits, and high earners losing welfare more than middleincome household. With the deepening implementation of IBP, the total efficiency cost is declining, and redistribution effect is smaller, but adding up the timeofuse pricing can hinder the trend. This paper establishes the foundation for systematically improving and assessing nonlinear pricing policies.

Key words: increasing block tariff , redistribution effect , efficiency loss , QUAIDS

摘要： 本文从理论与实证角度分析了递增阶梯电价为实现收入再分配目的必然伴随着效率损失，进而探讨嵌入分时电价能否改善两难困境。理论模型刻画了递增阶梯电价追求再分配目的所致两类效率成本的特征、结构和类型，以及递增阶梯电价在实现再分配和最小化效率损失间的两难困境。基于杭州市居民用电和家庭收入等微观数据，使用工具变量，通过反事实场景构建和二次近乎理想需求函数（QUAIDS）模型，实证估算了阶梯电价为实现再分配目的而引致的家庭与社会效率成本，本文为系统评估和完善阶梯水价和气价等政策奠定了基础。

关键词: 递增阶梯电价 , 再分配效应 , 效率损失 , 二次近乎理想需求函数