Abstract: Based on "transaction institution" and some observable data,reform during 1990s is considered as successful. This paper,however,argues that it is not true from the perspective of deep economic structures:the reform destroys or weakens the production institution,which is oriented by learning,ability increase,and innovation,and China is getting down to the lower ends of international industrial chains. In order to realize the strategic goal of self-innovation and innovative nation,we must change our thinking ways of economic reform and emphasize the building of production institution and innovation policy.

Key words: production institution, innovation policy, China economic system reform, building innovative nation

摘要： 按照“交易性制度”的标准,从一些表面数据来看,我国在20世纪90年代的改革无疑是成功的。但若考虑我国深层次的经济结构,很可能得出相反的结论:这种改革不仅没有继续推进,反而在一定程度上弱化和破坏了以学习、能力提高和创新为导向的生产性制度建设,正在使我国越来越深地陷入到国际产业链的低端。如果不采取有效措施来实现经济发展模式的深刻变革,不久的将来我们将无法维系目前的发展势头。为了实现自主创新和创新型国家建设的战略目标,我们必须以生产性制度建设和创新政策为根本手段,全方位地对经济体制改革思路进行重大调整。

关键词: 生产性制度, 创新政策, 中国经济体制改革, 创新型国家建设