Abstract: Based on the tradition of exchange paradigm, mainstream economics emphasizes too much on incentive and contract, leading to its failure to provide effective theoretical support for understanding firm’s entrepreneurship and growth in the real worldThis paper reconstructs an unified theoretical capabilityopportunity framework, which is rooted in the production paradigm, mainly based on resource/capability theory and evolutionary perspective, and can be especially applied to understand entrepreneurship and growth phenomena in late development contextThis framework contains four basic propositions: (1) in terms of the entrepreneurship and firm growth, we essentially discuss the issues of organizational capability and market opportunity(2) The sources and types of capability and opportunity, as well as their systematic change process, directly determine the entrepreneurial choice and growth power of the firm(3)Capability and opportunity are both industryspecific and productspecific, and can only be generated during the continuous process of industrial production and managementOnly when certain types of capability and opportunity have been or can be created, can entrepreneurship and growth activities in the corresponding industry appear(4) The organizational capability and market opportunity in late development context will not be generated automatically just because of the existence of market economy systemNonmarket organizations, such as government and public research organization, act as key forces to shape capability and opportunity conditionsIn conclusion, the capabilityopportunity framework provides an new research perspective which is significantly different from mainstream economics, and especially helps to bridge the longstanding gap between entrepreneurship and growth research

Key words: capabilityopportunity framework, entrepreneurship, firm growth, exchange paradigm, production paradigm, late development

摘要： “交易范式”影响下发展出来的主流经济学片面强调激励和契约，无法为理解真实世界的企业创业和成长现象提供有效理论支撑。本文重新构建了一个根植于“生产范式”，尤其是资源—能力理论和演化视角的，并能够适用于理解后发展语境下企业创业和成长现象的统一理论框架——“能力—机会”框架。这个框架包含四个基本命题：第一，当讨论企业创业和成长问题时，本质上都在讨论组织能力和市场机会的问题。第二，能力和机会的来源、类型以及二者系统性的变化过程，共同直接决定了企业的创业选择和成长动力。第三，能力和机会同时具有工业和产品特定性，只能在持续的工业生产和管理过程中内生出来。往往已经存在或有条件创造出什么类型的能力和机会时，才可能出现相应状态的创业和成长活动。第四，后发展语境中的特定组织能力和市场机会，从未因为市场经济制度的存在而自动产生。政府部门和公共研究机构等非市场组织，充当了塑造能力和机会的状态及其变化过程的关键力量。总之，“能力—机会”框架提供了一种显著区别于主流经济学的新研究视角，同时有助于弥合创业研究和企业成长研究长期存在的鸿沟。

关键词: “能力—机会”框架, 创业, 企业成长, 交易范式, 生产范式, 后发展