This paper explored the effect of universities, as the micro main bodies of innovation and knowledge spillover, on firms innovation based on the full sample. We measured the number of all types of universities around the listed companies from 2007 to 2015 by ArcGIS and the innovation level by RD input and invention patents. Using Knowledge Production Function of Anselin et al. (2000), we tested the effect and mechanism of universities spillover on firms innovation through double cluster OLS. We concluded as follows: First, universities notably improved the innovation input and output of firms. Second, geographical characterized the spillover effect more than administrative linkage. Third, knowledge spillover makes effect on innovation through RD, employee and management human capital. Further research implied that spatial difference, university heterogeneity and firms characteristics, agglomeration effect of center cities, high speed railways will affect the level of knowledge spill over from universities.

本文利用全样本数据探讨了作为创新和知识溢出微观主体的高校对企业创新绩效的影响。本文通过ArcGIS测算了2007—2015年上市公司所在地周边全部高校数量，并以企业研发投入金额、发明专利衡量企业创新水平，利用Anselin et al（2000）的KPF方程，采用双聚类OLS检验高校知识溢出对企业创新行为的影响效应与机制。研究发现：第一，高校知识溢出对企业研发创新投入和有效创新产出均具有显著促进作用；第二，知识溢出效应具有显著的地理邻近性特征，而行政边界关联影响较弱；第三，高校知识溢出通过提高企业研发投入，提升员工和管理层人力资本，进而影响企业创新绩效。进一步研究表明，空间异质性、高校异质性、企业异质性、中心城市集聚效应、高铁开通等因素导致高校知识溢出效应存在差异。